Obrist, P.A., Howard, J.L., Lawler, J.E., Galosy, R.A., Meyers, K.A., & Gaebelein, C.J. The cardiovascular-behavioral interaction - as it appears today. Costello (Ed.), Symptoms of psychopathology: A handbook (pp. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 58, 305–309. Generalizability of heart rate as a measure of drive state. The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Drugs, neurotransmitters, and behavior (pp. Snyder (Eds.), Handbook of psychopharmacology: Vol. Drug effects on fear and frustration: Possible limbic site of action of minor tranquilizers. Broadhurst (Eds.), Theoretical and experimental bases of the behaviour therapies. The behavioural inhibition system: A possible substrate for anxiety. Elements of a two-process theory of learning. The heart beats to reward: The effect of monetary incentive on heart rate. New York: Guilford Press.įowles, D.C., Fisher, A.E., & Tranel, D.T. Petty (Eds.), Focus on cardiovascular psychophysiology (pp. Heart rate as an index of anxiety: Failure of a hypothesis. The three arousal model: Implications of Gray’s two-factor learning theory for heart rate, electrodermal activity and psychopathy. The effect of task difficulty on human heart rate and electrodermal activity with equivalent monetary incentive (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Iowa).įowles, D.C. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Iowa, Iowa City.įisher, A.E. The effects of differing levels of incentive on human heart. DiCara (Eds.), Cardiovascular psychophysiology: Current issues in response mechanisms, biofeedback, and methodology. The motivational significance of heart rate. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 12, 211–228.Įlliott, R. Tonic heart rate: Experiments on the effects of collative variables lead to a hypothesis about its motivational significance. Respiratory and somatal motor factors associated with operant conditioning of cardiovascular responses in curarized rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 220–225.īrener, J., Eissenberg, E., & Middaugh, S. Effects of water deprivation upon heart rate and instrumental activity in the rat. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.īelanger, D., & Feldman, S.M. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Since stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system produces an increase in both heart rate and palmar skin conductance, anxiety is assumed to produce increases in both (e.g., Martin & Sroufe, 1970). EDA refers to the electrical changes, especially an increase in conductivity, associated with sweat gland activity on the palmar and plantar surfaces. Heart rate and electrodermal activity (EDA) are among the most widely used measures for this purpose, largely because of the ease with which they can be recorded. As it is widely believed that the state of anxiety involves a massive activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, clinical researchers frequently employ psychophysiological measures as indices of anxiety.
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